I Have a Dream Speech Essay Example for Free

I Have a Dream Speech EssayEveryone dreamt as a child. We dreamt to become astronauts, cowboys, and princesses, just now as we got older, we realized those dreams were childish. We began to mature and set our dreams to plan more for our future. Our dreams evolved into becoming advantageful in the business world, to go to college and succeed, to have a relationship with a spouse, dreams we were able to achieve. I have a dream to stay strong in my relationship with God, and continuing to grow in my faith as a woman of God in His image. By following and chasing after this dream, I do believe that it depart keep me on the right path toward success and even with tough times, He pass on always be in that location as my safety net.In my life there are some(prenominal) people whom I cherish and am blessed to have. I look up to every single one of them as a mentor and soul to model myself after. One of these people is my camp counselor Brittany. Through camp this summer, I was a lways comfortable talking to her about anything, and I knew she would be there to listen. Throughout our bible studies and worship time we got to spend together, she spilled her knowledge of God and her story of faith into me and the rest of our cabin. She helped us all realize that we are non alone in anything we do and we are created beautifully in His image.Another person I view as one of my mentors is my 1024 (bible study) draw from last year Jennifer. We had four girls in our group and we all grew extremely close through the time which we were able to spend together as sisters in Christ. Like Brittany, she was and is always there for me to talk to during good times and bad, and someone who I will always have to rely on in times of struggle. My last person whom I view as a mentor to help me accomplish my conclusion is my close friend Alex.After knowing for each one other for more than eight years, we are extremely close and I have no idea what I would do without her. She is a one in a million type of person who I am thankfully blessed to have in my life. She is always there for advice and someone who I finish look to model myself after. Her personality and character shine through everything she does and she has always had a positive influence on me. All three of these people will help me accomplish my dream by giving me another(prenominal) person to talk to, and a source of comfort as I go through life.Achieving my dream will impact my future by giving me the opportunity to hump my life knowing that God has a plan for me. I will be able to live my life glorifying Him and learning from experiences. Through this dream I can have the opportunity to spill my story and experiences into the life of another person and show them that they are not alone and dont have to worry about their future because He has it all figured out. Achieving this goal will be able to make me a happier and more successful person in the fact that I will be able to live a good life the way that God has planned for me.In conclusion, this dream makes my life more complete by giving me the knowledge and expiation that I am not alone in anything I do. Not only do I have God as a source, only he has blessed me with people and resources in which I can surround myself with. Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understandings In all your ways acknowledge him and he will make your paths straight.

The Types of Fallacies Essay Example for Free

The Types of Fallacies Essay* Argument from pity when feeling sorry for some maven drives us to a point on an unrelated matter * We redeem a job that needs doing Helen can b arly support her starving children and needs work desperately. But does Helen have the skills we need? We may not care if she does and if we dont, nobody can fault us for hiring her out of compassion.But feeling sorry for Helen may trace us to misjudge her skills or overestimate her abilities, and that is a mistake in reasoning. * Argument from envy When we find fault with a person because of envy * Well, he may have a lot of money but he certainly has bad manners would be an example of this if it is envy that prompts us to tap him. Apple Polishing Pride can lead us to exaggerate our witness accomplishments and abilities and lead to our making other irrelevant judgments* Moore recently sat on a dialog box in a criminal case involving alleged prostitution and pandering at a strip club the defendants at torney told the members of the jury it would take an unusually discerning jury to see that the law, despite its wording, wasnt really intended to apply to someone like his client. Ultimately the jury members did find with the defense, but let us hope it wasnt because the attorney flattered their ability to discern things. Guilt trip Eliciting feelings of guilt to get others to do or not do something, or to remove the view that they should or should not do it * How could you not invite Trixie to your wedding? She would never do that to you and you know she mustiness be very hurt. The remark is intended to make someone feel sorry for Trixie, but even more fundamentally it is supposed to induce a sense of guilt.* Wishful thinking when we accept or urge acceptance (or rejection) of a claim merely because it would be pleasant (or unpleasant) if it were true. Some people, for example, may mean in God simply on the basis of wishful thinking or desire for an afterlife. A smoker may ref use to acknowledge the health hazards of smoking. Weve had students who are in denial about the consequences of cutting classes.* Peer pressure argument A desire for acceptance can motivate us to accept a claim not because of its merits, but because we will gain someones approval (or will avoid having approval withdrawn). Group think when one substitutes pride of membership in a group for reason and deliberation in arriving at a position on an issue and lets include the fallacy in our list of the top ten fallacies of all time, because it is exceedingly gross. * involves ones sense of group identification, which people experience when they are part of a groupa team, a club, a school, a gang, a state, a nation, the Elks, Wal-Mart, the U. S. A. Mauritius, you name it.* Nationalism (a form of GROUP THINK) a powerful and fierce emotion that can lead to blind endorsement of a countrys policies and practices. (My country right or wrong explicitly discourages critical thinking and encoura ges blind patriotism. ) Nationalism is also invoked to reject, condemn, or silence disapproval of ones country as unpatriotic or unfaithful (and may or may not involve an element of peer pressure). If a letter writer expresses a criticism of America on the sound judgment page of your local newspaper on Monday, you can bet that by the end of the week there will be a response dismissing the criticism with the argument that if so-and-so doesnt like it here, he or she ought to move to Russia (or Cuba or Afghanistan or Iraq).* Rationalizing when we use a false pretext to satisfy our own desires or interests * Lets say Mr. Smith decides to do something really nice for his wife on her birthday and buys her a new table sawing machine. This saw wasnt cheap, he tells her. But youre going to be glad we have it, because it will keep me out in the garage and out of your stylus when youre working here in the house. * Argument from popularity when we urge someone to accept a claim (or fall pr ey to someones doing it to us) simply on the grounds that all or most or some substantial number of people (other than authorities or experts, of course) believe it * Argument from common practice trying to justify or defend an action or practice (as distinguished from an assertion or claim) on the grounds that it is common. I shouldnt get a speeding ticket because everyone drives over the limit would be an example. Everyone cheats on their taxes, so I dont see why I shouldnt would be another.* Argument from customs duty People do things because thats the way things have incessantly been done, and they believe things because thats what people have always believed * The fact that its a tradition among most American children to believe in Santa Claus, for instance, doesnt prove Santa Claus exists and the fact its also a tradition for most American parents to deceive their kids about Santa Claus doesnt necessarily mean it is okay for them to do so.

Developing a Hypothesis

Developing a guessingDefinitions of possibilityThe possibility is outlined as followingHypotheses determine measure integrity tentative guesses, smart hunches assumed to be used in fashioning theory or coming up with experiments supposed to tend an immediate experimental get rid of a look at once possible. (Eric Rogers, 1966)A guess may be a suppositious statement of the relation among 2 or additional variables. (Kerlinger, 1956)Hypothesis may be a skeletal systemal statement that presents the put uped relationship between AN freelance and variable quantity.(Creswell, 1994)Hypothesis is that the main a part of analysis. its vital because it suggests new ways in which of doing the analysis. typically experiments determine measure solely conduct to check a surmise. Decision-makers typically face things whereby theyre curious about examen hypotheses on the premise of accessible info so take pickings on the premise of such testing. In scientific discipline, wherever direct teaching of universe of discourse parameter(s) is rare, hypothesis testing is that the typically used strategy for deciding whether or non a stress information provide such support for a hypothesis that generalisation is created. so hypothesis testing permits U.S.A. to form misfortune statements concerning population parameter(s). The hypothesis capacity not be tried completely, however in follow its accepted if its withstood a essential testing. Before we shed a lean to make a issue for however hypotheses cheering measure tested through totally different tests sloshedt for the aim, itll be acceptable to elucidate undecidedly the that bastardlys of a hypothesis and also the connected ideas for higher world organisation derstanding of the hypothesis testing techniques.WHAT IS A HYPOTHESIS?Ordinarily, once wholeness talks concerning hypothesis, one incorruptly suggests that a mere assumption or some suppositionto be tried or disproved. except for a look for worker hyp othesis may be a formal question that he intends toresolve. so a hypothesis is also outlined as a prompting or a group of proposition set forth as ANexplanation for the prevalence of some such cluster of phenomena either declared simply as aprovisional excogitate to guide some investigation or accepted as extremely probable within the lightweight ofestablished facts. very often a research hypothesis may be a prophetical statement, capable of being testedby scientific ways, that relates AN variable to some variable quantity. for instance,consider statements average like the following onesStudents WHO receive counseling can show a larger increase in creative thinking than students notreceiving counselling Orthe automobile A is performing arts furthermore as automobile B.These square measure hypotheses capable of being objectively verified and tested. Thus, we obligate a tendency to could close up thata hypothesis states what we stick a tendency to square measure searching for an d its a proposition which may be key out to a take a look at todetermine its validity.Characteristics of hypothesis Hypothesis should possess the subsequent characteristics(i) Hypothesis ought to be clear and precise. If the hypothesis isnt clear and precise, theinferences drawn on its basis cant be taken as reliable.(ii) Hypothesis ought to be capable of being tested. during a swamp of untestable hypotheses, manya time the analysis programmes require over-involved. Some previous study is also done byresearcher so as to form hypothesis a testable one. A hypothesis is testable if alternativedeductions is made up of it that, in turn, is confirmed or disproved by observation.1(iii) Hypothesis ought to state relationship between variables, if it happens to be a relativehypothesis.(iv) Hypothesis ought to be restricted in scope and should be specific. A research worker should keep in listenthat narrower hypotheses square measure typically additional testable and he ought to develop su ch hypotheses.(v) Hypothesis ought to be expressed as so much as doable in most straightforward terms in order that identical iseasily comprehensible by all involved. however one should keep in mind that simplicity of hypothesishas nothing to try to to with its significance.(vi) Hypothesis ought to be in keeping with most illustrious facts i.e., it should be in keeping with a corporeal body of established facts. In alternative words, it ought to be one that judges settle foras being the foremost possible.(vii) Hypothesis ought to be amenable to testing inside an affordable time. One shouldnt useeven a superb hypothesis, if identical cant be tested in affordable time for onecannot pay a life-time aggregation information to check it.(viii) Hypothesis should make a case for the facts that gave rise to the necessity for rationalization. This meansthat by exploitation the hypothesis and alternative illustrious and accepted generalizations, one ought to beable to deduce the initial downs ide condition. so hypothesis should truly make a case for whatit yells to let off it ought to book empirical reference.The trifling hypothesisrepresents a theory that has been hints, either as a upshot of its believed to be true or as a result of its to be used asa basis for argument, however has not been tried.Has serious outcome if incorrect call is madeThe alternative hypothesisis an announcement of what a hypothesis take a look at is about up to ascertain.Opposite of Null Hypothesis.Only reached if H0is defyed.Frequently alternativeis actual desired conclusion of the researcherThe manner of hypothesis testing is summarized in four locomote. we are waiver to describe every of those four steps in larger detail in element eight.2.1. To begin, we have a tendency to establish a hypothesis or charter that we have a tendency to feel ought to be tested. for instance, wed postulate to check the subscribe to that the mean range of hours that kids within the us watch TV is thr ee hours.2. We have a tendency to choose a cadence upon that we have a tendency to decide that the arrogate being tested is true or not. for instance, the claim is that kids watch three hours of TV per week. Most try outs we have a tendency to choose ought to have a mean near or up to3 hours if the claim we have a tendency to square measure testing is true. therefore at what purpose can we decide that the discrepancy between the take in mean and three is therefore massive that the claimwe square measure testing is probably going not true? we have a tendency to answer this question during this step of hypothesis testing.3. claim a random sample from the population and live the sample mean. for instance, we have a tendency to might choose twenty kids and live the time social unit (in hours) that they watch TV per week.4. Compare what we have a tendency to observe within the sample to what we have a tendency to expect to watch ifthe claim we have a tendency to square measure test ing is true. we have a tendency to expect the sample mean to be around3 hours. If the discrepancy between the sample mean and population mean is tiny, hence we willwellwe square measure going to possible decide that the claim we have a tendency to are testing is so true. If the discrepancy is simply too giant, then we are going to possible conceive to reject the claim as being not true.The method of hypothesis testing is summarized in four steps. we are going to describe every of those four steps in larger detail in Section eight.2.1. To begin, we have a tendency to establish a hypothesis or claim that we have a tendency to feel ought to be tested. for instance, wed need to check the claim that the mean range of hours that kids within the us watch TV is three hours.2. we have a tendency to choose a cadence upon that we have a tendency to decide that the claim being tested is true or not. for instance, the claim is that kids watch three hours of TV per week. Most samples we have a tendency to choose ought to have a mean near or up to3 hours if the claim we have a tendency to square measure testing is true. therefore at what purpose can we decide that the discrepancy between the sample mean and three is therefore massive that the claimwe square measure testing is probably going not true? we have a tendency to answer this question during this step of hypothesis testing.3. choose a random sample from the population and live the sample mean. for instance, we have a tendency to might choose twenty kids and live the time unit (in hours) that they watch TV per week.4. Compare what we have a tendency to observe within the sample to what we have a tendency to expect to watch ifthe claim we have a tendency to square measure testing is true. we have a tendency to expect the sample mean to be around3 hours. If the discrepancy between the sample mean and population mean is tiny, then we willwellwe square measure going to possible decide that the claim we have a tendency t o are testing is so true. If the discrepancy is simply too giant, then we are going to possible conceive to reject the claim as being not true. tincture 2 Set the standards for a choice. to line the standards for a choice, we have a tendency to state the period of significance for a take a look at. this can be the same as the criterion that jurors use during a criminal trial. Jurors decide whether or not the proof bestowed shows guilt on the far side an affordable doubt (this is that the criterion). Likewise, in hypothesis testing, we have a tendency to collect information to point out that the nada hypothesis isnt true, supported the probability of choosing a sample mean from a population (the likelihood is that the criterion). The probability or take of significance is often set at five-hitter in activity analysis studies. once the luck of getting a sample mean is a smaller amount than five-hitter if the null hypothesis were true, then we have a tendency to conclude that the s ample we have a tendency to designated is simply too unlikely and then we have a tendency to reject the null hypothesis.Level of significance, or significance level, refers to a criterion of judgment upon that a choice is created relating to the worth(predicate) explicit during a null hypothesis. The criterion relies on the chance of getting a selective information point measured during a sample if the worth explicit within the null hypothesis were true.In activity science, the criterion or level of significance is often set at five-hitter. once the chance of getting a sample mean is a smaller amount than five-hitter if the null hypothesis were true, then we have a tendency to reject the worth explicit within the null hypothesis.The alternative hypothesis establishes wherever to position the extent of significance. keep in mind that we all know that the sample mean can equal the population mean on the average if the null hypothesis is true. All alternative doable values of the samp le mean square measure commonly distributed (central limit theorem). The empirical rule tells U.S.A. that a minimum of 90 fifth of all sample suggests that fall inside concerning two prevalent deviations (SD) of the population mean, that means that theres but a five-hitter chance of getting asample mean thats on the far side two South Dakota from the population mean. For the youngsterswatching TV example, we are able to seek for the chance of getting a sample meanbeyond two South Dakota within the higher tail (greater than 3), the lower tail (less than 3), or bothtails (not up to 3). Figure 8.2 shows that the choice hypothesis is employed todetermine that tail or tails to position the extent of significance for a hypothesis take a look at. yard 3 reckon the take a look at data point. Suppose we have a tendency to live a sample mean up to4 hours per week that kids watch TV. to form a choice, wed like to judgehow possible this sample outcome is, if the population mean explicit by th e nullhypothesis (3 hours per week) is true. we have a tendency to use a take a look at data point to work out thislikelihood. Specifically, a take a look at data point tells U.S.A. however so much, or what number customarydeviations, a sample mean is from the population mean. The larger the worth of thetest data point, the any the space, or range of normal deviations, a samplemean is from the population mean explicit within the null hypothesis. the worth of thetest data point is employed to form a choice in shout four.The take a look at data point may be a mathematical formula that permits researchers todetermine the probability of getting sample outcomes if the null hypothesiswere true. the worth of the take a look at data point is employed to form a choice relating tothe null hypothesis.Step 4 build a choice. we have a tendency to use the worth of the take a look at data point to form a choiceabout the null hypothesis. the choice relies on the chance of getting asample mean, onl y if the worth explicit within the null hypothesis is true. If the chance of getting a sample mean is a smaller amount than five-hitter once the null hypothesis is true, then the choice is to reject the null hypothesis. If the chance of getting a sample mean is bigger than five-hitter once the null hypothesis is true, then the choice is to retain the null hypothesis. In sum, there square measure 2 choices a research worker will make1. Reject the null hypothesis. The sample mean is related to an occasional chance of prevalence once the null hypothesis is true.2. Retain the null hypothesis. The sample mean is related to a high chance of prevalence once the null hypothesis is true.The chance of getting a sample mean, only if the worth explicit within the null hypothesis is true, is explicit by the p worth. The p worth may be a probability It varies between zero and one and may neer be negative. In Step 2, we have a tendency to explicit the criterion or chance of getting a sample mean at that purpose we are going to conceive to reject the worth explicit within the null hypothesis, that is often set at five-hitter in activity analysis. to form a choice, we have a tendency to compare the p worth to the criterion we have a tendency to set in Step two.A p worth is that the chance of getting a sample outcome, only if the worth explicit within the null hypothesis is true. The p worth for getting a sample outcome is compared to the extent of significance.Significance, or applied mathematics significance, describes a choice created regarding a worth explicit within the null hypothesis. once the null hypothesis is rejected, we have a tendency to reach significance. once the null hypothesis is preserved, we have a tendency to fail to achieve significance.When the p worth is a smaller amount than five-hitter (p .05), we have a tendency to reject the null hypothesis. we are going to talk over with p .05 because the criterion for deciding to reject the null hypothesis, thou gh note that once p = .05, the choice is additionally to reject the null hypothesis. When thep worth is bigger than five-hitter (p .05), we have a tendency to retain the null hypothesis. the choice to reject or retain the null hypothesis is named significance.

Women in Viking Society

Wo hands in Viking SocietyRole of Women in Viking SocietyUpon hearing the expression Viking, a specific regard is usually conjured in the minds eye. More often than not, it is of a group of big, burly men, pillaging serve wellless English villages and sailing across fjords, besides there has always been more(prenominal) to the Viking people than wielding axes and braving treacherous water, especially when it comes to the women, who are commonly left out of this stereotypical picture entirely. Vikingar, the Old Norse word for viking, was solely in reference to the men, who were the atomic number 53s who primarily bureauicipated in trips to Great Britain, Europe, and the East. According to most sources, the women at heart Viking society did not partake in those two activities and were delegated to more domestic tasks back home. It was kn avouch that many women participated on journeys to explore, though, and eventually settle in places such as Iceland, which was uninhabited and required that women travelled there to help create a permanent population, and Finland.According to the Judith Jesch at BBC News, Most journeys from Scandinavia involved sea-crossings in small, open airs with no protection from the elements. Families heading for the North Atlantic colonies would in any case redeem to take all the livestock they would need to establish a new farm, and the journey cannot have been pleasant. The Viking colonists settled down to the farming life in their new home, or established themselves as traders and became town-dwellers. There is also evidence that the women within Viking society could make a living in commerce. There have been merchants scales and weights discovered within the graves of women in Scandinavian countries, marking an association between women and trade. According to a ninth-century account of a Christian mission to Birky, a Swedish trading center, recounts the conversion of a rich womanhood by the name of Frideburg, as well as he r daughter, Catla.Though by law, Viking women were under the office of the men in their lives, primarily their father or married man, and they did not enjoy the same legal shape as the men within their society. These women could inherit as much as their brothers would or, depending on the region wherein they lived, would not inherit anything at all. At a ingi meaning a thing which was an assembly of the free men of a province, country, or a hundred the women were unable to impart forth a case unless a man would take over the prosecution on her behalf. Girls were usually between the ages of twelve and fifteen when they were married and were expected to run the household. When entering a marriage, the bride would have a dowry which would consist of materials such as linen and cloth, as well as a spinning wheel and a bed. Girls from more affluent families could also bring silver and gold jewelry, animals, and sometimes even farms. While she brought all of these things as part of h er dowry, they still re principal(prenominal)ed her personal property and never became a full part of her husbands res publica and it would be her children whod inherit it.Once married, gender roles were even more intelligibly defined and the women were in charge of making sure that the familys provender would last throughout the long winter and they would make barelyter and cheese, as well as dried and smoked fish and meat for storage. Also, as a wife, a woman was expected to have knowledge of what herbs were good for taking care of the sick and wounded. In her husbands absence, she was in charge of track the farm and even when her husband was not away, the animals were one of her responsibilities. Often, if she was from a rich family, she would have slaves and servants to help her and, as a sign of authority, she would wear the key to the nutriment storage chests. She also would cook, clean, and make uniform for everyone. When it came to clothing for themselves, Viking wome n liked to dress as well as they could, in woollen dresses. Sometimes they would wear an term of clothing called an over-dress, material that was wrapped over their dress and around the woman and held up by shoulder straps, fastened with brooches. They would often wear leggings or socks and a scarf to cover their hair. When it came to jewelry, they wore pieces made of silver and gold with intricate designs.Despite many obvious shortcomings that came with being a woman and a wife in Viking society, a woman could file for a divorce from her husband. If she became displeased with her husband in any way that the Vikings found substantial enough reason if her husband was lazy and did not work to provide for the family, if he treated her or their children poorly, or insulted the family that she came from she was allowed to divorce him. To achieve this, and in the presence of witnesses, she would declare herself divorced at the end of the bed her and her husband shared and as her front door. Upon divorcing him, she could reclaim her dowry and keep any younger children with her, while any older children would be divided between the two parents depending on the status and wealth of the parents families.Since most womens lives were centered around the home, they managed to have a great influence within that sphere and, as a result, many women were buried with things that symbolize the importance of those roles and influences, as well as their responsibility and control over the distribution of clothing and food within the household. Though this was the most common way women in Viking society obtained notoriety, some were well cognize for different reasons. The Oseberg queen, buried with an ornately-decorated ship and high-quality goods was one of the richest buriest of the Viking Age, showcasing her prestige. There was also the grave of the Pagan Lady of Peel Castle, which was discovered in a Christian cemetery on the Isle of Man. To this date, it is one of the rich est Viking burials for a woman found outside of Scandinavia. The Pagan Lady of Peels grave is solid proof of powerful women and of a high status during the Viking Age. One of these women was the daughter of a Norwegian chieftain from the Hebrides, named Aud, who married a Viking based in Dublin. Upon the deaths of her husband and son, Aud took control of the fortune that the family held and had a ship bring her and hers remaining daughters to places such as Orkney, Iceland, and Faroe. Later, she settled in Iceland and distributed land to most of her followers.While it can be thorny to find records about many veritable women within Viking society, it is much easier to find them within legend and folklore, where they often took the role of shieldmaidens (women who fought as warriors). There are very few historical accounts that say that women took part in warfare, but according to a Byzantine historian named Johannes Skylitzes, women may have fought in battle when Sviatoslav I of Ki ev attacked the Byzantines in 971 in Bulgaria. The Varangians were defeated, but the victors were surprised to discover women among the fallen, armed as warriors. Even Leif Eriksons pregnant half-sister, named Freyds Eirksdttir, was said to have taken up a sword of her own and scared away Native Americans, according to the Greenland saga, though she is never explicitly referred to as a shieldmaiden. Even with a couple accounts such as these, it is difficult to prove that these shieldmaidens existed outside of Norse mythology. Though there are many shieldmaidens of legend, including Brynhild, Hervor, and the princess Thornbjrg, but they were largely members of the aristocracy.By the 11th century, Scandinavians began to be Christianized. With this mass conversion, the women were given the probability to take on new roles within society these roles are often seen in the rune stones from that time. Through depictions of the Nativity, the Dynna stone, found in Norway, memorializes Astri d, the daughter of Gunnvor. Similarly, the Stket stone, hailing from Sweden, commemorates a woman who went on a pilgrimage named Ingirun. In addition, Queen Emma of Normandy, daughter of Duke Richard of Normandy, descended from Normandys Viking founder Rollo. She married two kings of England and gave birth to two others, but it was during her married to the danish Cnut that she was a notable patron of the Church. Upon the death of her husband, she had a record of the Danish kings who, in the 11th century, were in England written up. She called this work the Encomium Emmae and it had a personation of Queen Emma within the manuscript. Women in the Norse world were far more open to Christianity than the men were and, in religious matters, women were highly regarded, as shown in the Edda, the main source of Medieval skaldic tradition and word itself maybe even meaning great-grandmother. It is no coincidence that the very first church build within Greenland was built by Thjodhild, the wife of Erik the Red and mother of Thorsten and Leif Erikson.Though despite the advances that women were able to make through the Christianization of Viking society, practices such an infanticide, the killing of newborn babies, were still practiced more or less exclusively on female babies. In Viking society, sons were of much greater value for they could participate on raids and in trade, which would increase a familys fortune and land, as well as their honor. Daughters were more of a burden to a family, having to be married off and provided with dowries and having to raise fewer females would also mean that even fewer babies would be born in the future, which would then save the household from having even more mouths to feed.While we know only a small amount of the women in the Norse world, we know even less of the lives lead by any female servants and slaves, who were the ones that more frequently took care of the children. There is very little known about women who were raised and lived within smaller households. While life for women in Viking society was far better than for women throughout the rest of Europe, gender roles were still clearly defined. The role could shift depending on certain, specific circumstances, or in fictional sagas, but it remained a fact that the Norse world was a patriarchal one.BibliographyJesch, Judith. Viking Women. BBC News. BBC, 29 Mar. 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.Harrison, D. Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Flth Hssler, Vrnamo.Snorri Sturluson. The Prose Edda Tales from Norse Mythology, translated by Jean I. Young (University of California Press, 1964)Judith Jesch, Women in the Viking Age (New York The Boydell Press, 1996), 107-108.Andrew Dennis, Peter Foote and Richard Perkins, trans., Laws of Early Iceland, Grgs (Winnipeg, MB University of Manitoba Press, 1980), 51.

Comparing different international HRM strategies

Comparing different international HRM strategiesHuman imaginativenesss Management is a plan approach to managing muckle in force(p)ly for cognitive operation. It aims to establish a more than open, on the t subject vigilance style so that staff will be motivated, developed and managed in a way that they can give their vanquish to support parts missions. Good HRM practices atomic number 18 instrumental in helping departmental objectives and enhance productivity. For the purpose of sacramental manduction expeience and providing reference in launching HRM initiatives.HRM Good PracticesSince launching HRM movement in 1994 in the civil service, Civil Service Bureau has sponsore and mortal departments wear wrap various HRM initiatives. In taking HRM forward, we need strategic and co-ordinated approach in managing people effectively for performance. In taking a strategic and integrated approach, HRM is linked to the department strategic direction in a systematic way. Such an approach is a great deal reflected in the following practices clarifying a department strategic direction by way of articulating its Vision, Mission and Values statementestablishing the strategic linkage and integrating HR programmes through a HRM Plan intercommunicate its short to long term homo resource need through a Manpower Plan.At the same succession, all manager must squeeze a more open, flexible and caring style in managing their staff. Such an approach is reflected in number of ways. The three most common practices are managing people effectively for performance through an open Performance Management System that call for individual objectives tied to departmental objectives, regular coaching, and ontogenesis staff on jobenhancing staff competencies to perform better through effectively training people to achieve departmental objective and resultsLITREATURE REVIEW1)Similarities and Differences in Human Resource Management in the European essenceSources Thunderbird Int ernational Business Re peck, Vol. 45(6) 729-755 November-December 2003 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).European authors have ack right offledged that HRM originally developed in the unify States.. European writer Hendry Pettigrew, have been critical of apply American HRM views to raw(prenominal) countries, especially Europe.Such criticism is entirely valid. A theoretical or practice HR position developed in the cultural context of one country should not indiscrimiately applied to another(prenominal) country without testing the cultural biases of its assumption..While the U.S. influence in HRM has been criticized, on that position is also a particular fondness among some European HRM academic writers to compare and contrast European with U.S. HRM. Brewster and Bournois posed the following question as a point of departure to salutaryify such(prenominal) a comparison, To what extent on that point is enough simi larity in Europe to require us to question whether there may not be large difference between HRM in Europe as a whole and the United States of America? The comparison point out that in Europe, HRM is less dependent,companies have less autonomy and freedom of action, trade unionism is more important, the social partners have more influence,legal regulations are more important, and there is a stronger tradition of employee involvement. Brewster and Hegewisch push the comparison between European and American HRM even further and justify the existence of a European HRM model based on these differences.They conclude that,There are identifiable difference between the way in which HRM is go oned in Europe and that of the United States, a difference which allows us to speak of a European form of HRM . Brewster and Bournois also speak of two paradoxical trends that run through HRM in Europe. On the one hand there are clear country difference that can be understood and explained in the cont ext of each national culture and its manifestations in history, laws, institutions, and employee organizations. On the other hand, there is an difference between the ways in which HRM is conducted in Europe vs the United States Brewster has made important contri howeverion in pioneering the notion that there is a European HRM tradition distinct from others.He must be credited with be the first to attempt to develop a European model of HRM distinct from animated U.S. model. His European HRM model locates organizational issues within sectorial and national influences.However, according to Clark and Mallory , Brewsters European model has four main problems. First, talking abut European HRM is an specimen of reductionism that fails to take into account the cultural diversity of the European nations. Second,Brewster overestimates the level of autonomy enjoyed by HR manager and organizations in the United States. Third, his model is potentially culturally conditioned and inherently eth nocentric.2) Changes in HRM in Europe A longitudinal comparative study among 18 European countriesSources http//www.emeraldinsight.com/ To examine HRM strategies and practices and HRM position within organizations in various cultural, sparing and sociopolitical contexts from a longitudinal perspective.Findings The overall picture is that the 18 countries form two major clusters. Countries in Europe can be consistently clustered in a North/West-South/East distinction, regarding HRM practices. There is no indication of convergence between the major clusters. However, movement from one cluster to another was observed, with Italy and East Germany moving to the North-western cluster.Research limitations/implications The level of analysis, which is HR practice at a national) and regional level, is a methodological limitation of the present study. Analysis at this level conceals qualitative differences between countries, which are important in the contextual paradigm.Practical implicati ons The issue of convergence in HR practices has important implications for HR managers in multinationals who absorb in Europe and the transferability of HR practices.Originality/value This paper addresses the issue of whether over prison term there is an increasing Europeanisation (convergence) of HRM practices in Europe or not, by studying HR practices in 18 European countries.3) Employers Find An Innovative Way To Escape The Growing Expense Of Providing ReferencesSourceswww.workpass.co.uk/calculatorUK Unemployment is at its highest for over a decade and mollify rising fast. One unexpected impact of this trend has been to increase the administrative burden on Human Resource departments, whose staff are postulate to provide references for the rising number of former employee who are seeking jobs.Added to that is the growing scrutiny of landlord and lending organisation seeking to authenticate the salary contingent of current employees, in the wake of recent scandals about i rresponsible lending. It is all making managing references unacceptably clipping-consuming and costly for HR team, at a time when most transactiones are seeking to find new efficiencies and save money.As a result, more and more employers are choosing to entrust reference management to the specialists at WorkPass. Using WorkPass is one of those rare things in business a genuine no-brainer. Its an innovative, online solution thats able to handle all kinds of reference requests relating to both previous employees expression for work and current ones looking for, say, a bank loan or to rent a berth.WorkPass is a wholly owned subsidiary of Verifile Ltd the UKs leading provider of pre-employment screening services. Its services are fully compliant with the Data Protection Act -which means that using WorkPass helps businesses pass the common compliance challenges associated with providing references over to WorkPass, thereby reducing their risks.Ben-Cohen continues We take data apolo gy very seriously. Thats why we make sure that each employee has control over who can access their data by letting them generate consent codes which provide controlled access to their details on our site.As well(p) as effortlessly maintaining high levels of compliance, clients can provide a platinum service that enhances the good reputation of their organisation, fleck freeing up costly HR resource, helping them to deliver real and rapid cost savings.unequivocally on the market, WorkPass is offered as a free service to employers and employees. Reference-seekers instead pay a small access fee for the benefit of getting accurate and immediate responses to their online queries, often within seconds saving them time and money as well.Employers can offer a flexible choice of reference though WorkPass. These include providing introductory references, confirming provided dates of employment and position held detailed references of the sort usually sought by financial institutions req uiring confirmation of salary and customised references, such as those required under compromise agreements.4) The Human Resource Development subroutine the ambiguity of its status within the UK public serviceSource http//ras.sagepub.com/cgi/contentImproving performance thrugh better employee development practice is a recurrent theme within the UK public sector. Human Resource Development is seen as playing a diametric role in this process. This article will review the role, structure and status of HRD with in the UK public service. It will consider the apparnt paradox that exists. On the one hand, the HRD function is reported to have a vital role in the developent of those on the job(p) within public service organizatons. On the other hand, some hold the view that the reshaping the function is diminishing its status and influence. The article draws on the findings of the first phase of study examining the role, structure and status of the HRD function in UK public sector organiz ation. Findings adumbrate that how the HRD function is presented and represented is problematic.5) The Unique Recruiting and Human Resources Practices in JapanSOURCESThe Unique Recruiting and Human Resources Practices in JapanBy Ames Gross and Larry HewesSpring 1997Published in International HR JournalEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Foreign firm attempting to enter the Japanese market must first acquaint themselves with Japans labor laws and human resource practices in order to be successful. Although not required by statute, in Japan, workers generaly have lifetime employment with a single companion. In Japan, promotions and increaes in responsibility are usually based on seniority, kind of than solely on merit, and the promotion of a younger employee over more senior co workers can cause discomfort in the workplace. While Japan does have a national health system, many foreign company enroll their workers in a private health indemnity plan, which are offered by foreign insurance companies.As matter of background, the Japanese economy is now recovering from a long period of recession and stagnation. It is a huge economy in world term, second only in power and size to that of the United States. In many way, Japans economy is superior to that of the United States for example, Japan is the worlds largest creditor nation while the United States is the largest debtor nation. Japan run a trade surplus while the United States has a deficit, and the savings rate of Japans citizens far that of the United States. Japan has a population of 130 millions people, and its society which has been for centuries, and even during several decades, closed is hypothesis up more and more to foreign commerce. For example, there are many more foreign car in Japan now than there were just 10 years ago, and hundreds of U.S. and European company now do business in Japan.Given the size of its market and its economic power, it behaves almost any U.S. business to look seriously at doing business wit h Japan. For some companies those whose products are so unique or who simply do not have the resources to establish a physical presence in Japan purely exporting may work, however, setting up an office in Japan and, of course, recruiting and hiring staff are the best way to go. However, one cannot do this successfully without understanding what the human resources issues and labor laws in Japan are, and how the written and unwritten traditions governing business and employment operate in that country.The purpose of this article is to provide foreign employer with some guideline on this subject. Recruiting, hiring, firing, termination, out placement, salary, title, and other basic subjects are covered.6) The transferability of Japanese HRM practices to ThailandJun OnishiHirosaki University, Aomori, JapanThis question examined the transferability of Japanese human resource management to Thailand. Attitude toward life-time employment, seniority system, consensual decision-making, qu ality circle, and house unions were considered. The sample included 560 managers and staff of Japanese companie in Thailand. The results assign that all five practice except seniority are transferable. The Thai employees have more substantiative attitudes toward consensual decision-making, quality circles and house unions than the Japanese managers in the Japanese manufacturers in Thailand. Some Japanese managers think that consensual decision-making and quality circle are not appropriate or accepted in Thailand. This flavour may limit the implementation of these practices. Regarding seniority, both the Japanese manger and the Thai employees agreed that performance should be evaluated by achievement, but years of service should be part of evaluation criteria.OBJECTIVES1.To study HRM practices in Europe2. To study structures operating within international companies across Europe.3.To study the structure and operation of the European Union4.To study the embodied culture in EuropeRE SEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch would be undertaken through secondary data.The data collected from1.Journals2.Magazines3.Internet4.BooksHR PRACTICES IN EUROPEHR in perspective across EuropeA brief look at the economic and social context of the fifteen longer-established EU member states.Austria joined the EU in 1995. It has benefited greatly from both physically and linguistically close to Germany and it holds key position on transalpine transport routes. This small, but highly efficient, central European state has well-developed system of labor party relations, a high level of employee involvement and a welfare system that, although generous, nevertheles incorporates a sufficient incentive to remain in work.Denmark has driven up its wage level to be the highest in the world by heavily taxing employees and relying heavily on embodied bar happen uponing to regulate pay and employment condition. However, it has one of the most skilled workforce in Europe and has been a pioneer in flexibl e working methods. This has helped Denmark to achieve high, sustain productivity level in recent years.Finland joined the EU in 1995. It has few natural resources and a Byzantine diction that could easily have become a barriers to international trade. However, it has been able to take full advantages of EU and eurozone membership to achieve a low level of impairment inflation and invest in its human capital to produce a highly skilled workforce. The Finnish economy has also benefited by employers being able to tap into ready supply of comminute from the Baltic states.France has low level of unionisaton, but highly militant trade unions. The official stance towards foreign-owned multinational enterpries has often been hostile and there has been a tendency to overreact to corporate restructuing by the application of penal sanctions. The 35-hour workweek has not been a success and the French govenment is now trying to unpick itself from many of its past policies.Germany is the bi ggest and by far the most succesful of the older EU states. During the last two decades it has achieve a difficult innovation in its eastern states from a system of state-run monopolie to a modern market economy. Complete integration has not, however, been fully achieved and a 20% wage gap still exists between eastern and western states. Neither has Germany been able to significanly narrow the equal pay gap between male and female employees.Greece joined the EU in 1981. It continues to be a country with many small employers, generally poor labor relations and government that have frittered away often of the economic gain from EU accession through unprodutive public spending and early retirement schemes. Statutory work obligations are commonly flouted, paricularly in leading sectors such as construction. Government employment data is generally weak, out of date and uneliable. Greece relies very heavily upon its tourism and agricultural industries and has not been successful at att acting a sustained volume of major inward investment projects. Moreover, it has never fully expited its physical location close to major external markets in the Middle East.Ireland provides the best ex within the EU of a small country overcoming its lack of natural resources and peripheral geogaphical position to become a true tiger economy. This has largely been achiev through a low rate of corporation tax, a sustained inward investment strategy and an open-door insurance towards immigants from central and eastern Europe. Ireland has not focused on being a low-wage location, but has concentrated on minimising bureaucratic burden and keeping overhead such as social security costs to a minimum.Italy has overcome many of its past economic and political instability problems, and its most recent reform have helped to encourage flexibility and open up the labour market. However, it has still not overcome its major north-south economic divide, reduced the bureaucratic burden that it conti nues to place on employer, or resolved the inconsistent application of its complex employment laws.Spain joined the European Union in 1986 and was at first country burdened by poor labour productivity, tight employment protection laws and wage indxation. Although these problems have not entirely disappeard Spain is now western Europes second tiger economy, with rapid economic expansion driven by a property boom and a plentiful supply of low cost labour frm north Africa.Sweden joined the EU in 1995. During the 70s and 80s, Sweden had to undertake a major economic restructuring exercise to deal with a decline in it forestry and iron ore mining sectors. Its highly sophisticted and extensive welfare system helped to make this exercise a success. Since accession, however, the Swedish economy has underperformed. This is primarily due to the high tax burden imposed on ordinary workers to sustain the generous welfare provisions, the creation of a colony culture, and the narrownes of pay di fferentials.The United Kingdom operate a very different corporate and work culture from the European continent. It has virtualy abandoned sectoral collective bargaining and has been disinclined to embrace formalised systems of employee participation. It has tended to take a minimalist approach to all EU social and employment Directives and has refused to join the eurozone. Although this has helped to encourage the growth of new enterprises, overmuch of the UK advantage in attracting inward investment has been gained through its cultural and linguitic links with the USA. Labour costs, however, remain high by EU standard and productivity is well below the level that this degree of economic freedom should have achievd.Comparison between employment characteristics in EU15 and new EU states (averages)Employment characteristicEU15 States new-sprung(prenominal) EU StatesEmployee cannot change own working methods29%37%Employees working on shifts12.1%23%Employees working on Sunday6.5%11.7% Employees with fixed-term/temporary job10.5%8.7%Employees working at night4.4%5.4%Employees with a second job1.8%5.2%Length of time in present job10.9 years13.4 yearsLength of working week38.2 hours44.4 hoursLanguage training in workplace (av/yr)4 hours11 hoursManagement training in workplace (av/yr)12 hours7 hoursThe HRM concept remains vestigial in many of established EU member states such as France and Germany. This is largely due to over-reliance on administrative procedures and company rules, the codetrmination powers of workings councils, the prevalence of sectoral collective bargaining, and widespread union resistance to workplace innovation. It therefore remains uncertain how far HRM method will become the norm for managing personnel issues in the new member states.European HR trendsEurope accounts for one-tenth of the world population. Two-thirds of Europeans live in countries that are member of the economic federation known as the European Union (EU). The proportion of t he population (aged 15-64) who are employed in the EU is just 66.0%, compaed to 69.3% in Japan and 71.5% in the USA.The average employee in the EU works for 38.5 hours per week, 18% of the EU working population works part-time, 14.8% are on temporary contract and 5.1% of employees started their job in the last 3 months. 12.9% of the population agd 15-64 have undergone tertiary education and almost 10% of the EU population aged 25-64 take part in lifelong learning activitie. EU citizens spend 12.2% of gross domestic product on pension and their average retirement age is 59.9 years.HR policies and strategies checklistThe focus HR strategy over the last decade has been to find an ever-widening range of methods to clip cost and improve operational performance. These tend to be carried out irrespective of the current stage of the economic cycle or a company sexual intercourse competitive position. Options which were once regarded as either in or out of fashion are now being assessed pu rely on their merit, and are being swiftly adopted if they seems likely to succeed.We have entered an era of corporates perfectionism in which almost anything is possible. The prevailing aim of companie is not just to be more efficient and effective than their business rivals, but to be so good that it will be dangerou for competitors to try to emulate their achievements.Cost savingReduction of operational costs surplusage delayering pay cuts and freezes increasing variable pay as percentage of total pay , recruitment freezes outsourcing removing deputy posts gain sharing -,rationalising company car policies maximising grants or subsidies.Control of overheads relocation to lower-cost centres ,use of teleworkers cutting benefits rationalising back-office functions expense account audits trimming expense budgets extending the working day.Limitation of future liabilities changing from outlined benefit to defined contribution pension schemes removing incremental pay scale s curtailing grade creep.Pain sharing board pay cuts, HQ downsizing single status facilities limiting tallness management severance packages ,utplacement counselling.Operational flexibilityJob flexibility job design flexible working hours annual hours contracts time off in locating (TOIL) time banking ,part-time working ,fixed-term contracts ,multi-skilled work teams.Pay and benefit flexibility profit sharing employee share ownership share options self -service benefits.Operational flexibility time management , improving managerial leverage , the 24/7 workplace use of freelance and temporary staff suggestion schemes.Human capital encouragement of lifelong learning individual learning accounts , action learning elearning cpd mentoring.Retention of know-how strategy for older workers staged retirement ,removing age barriers knowledge management developing knowledge banks.Promotion of equal opportunities removing glass ceiling equality training equal opportunities supervise diversity policies positive action.Promotion of health and physical fitness in-house fitness centre discounts on external facilities stress counselling company sports teams regular medicals.Performance effectivenessUse of performance management methods benchmarking process rengineering management by objectives employee appraisal upward feedback (360 degree feedback) decentralization empowerment delegation quality circle open door policies performance incentive supply chain management HR system integration data mining and warehousing.Improvement of recruitment process student sponsorship on-line recruitment automated scanning background checks positive vetting verification of cv data University ratings personality/literacy testing assessment centres head-hunting succession planning.Reduction of absenteeism attendance bonuses- wellness programmes surveillance of those on long-term absence motivational programmes.Prevention of fraud and theft expense claim audits ctv scanning whistleblowing schemes amnesties forensic audits.Further important element in HR management are softer policy concerns and personnel administration, together with legal compliances and the avoidance of litigation. Increased board visibility and right have become areas of concern following recent exposures of corporate irregularitie such as the Enron affair. Data privacy and security are also becoming more significant issues and are making the application of HR policies a much more complex task.Corporate cultureFamily-friendly workplace work/life balance childcare eldercare parental leave emergency leave term time working job sharing flexible working arrangements sabbaticals.Corporate governance annual social and environmental reports remuneration committee independent reviews visibility and accountability of corporate boards.Localisation support for local events service contracts with SMEs replacement of expatriates with local emp loyee environmental improvement schemes.Employee welfare Dutch-style arbo services hospital visits disability counselling company social functions attendance at funeral long service awards flowers on birth of employees children car-sharing initiative season ticket loans.Legal and ethical complianceSafety statutory obligations codes of conduct safety training , health and safety audits joint committees safety signs emergency procedures alcohol and drugs testing.Employment statutory obligation custom and practice codes of conduct disability quotas collective agreements works councils European work councils.Privacy and security codes of practice data security standards international transfers of personal data email monitoring subject access procedures emergency planning workplace security zoning.Personnel accounting tax compliance ,- payroll procedures IAS 19 remuneration committees.Community corporate social responsibility (CSR) work experience student exchange sponsorship.Labour chat ups and judicatory systems in EuropeBelgiumThere are two levels of specialist labour judicatory in BelgiumLabour tribunals Courts of first instance dealing primariy with individual employment contract issues.Labour courts These hear appeals referred by tribunals and seek to resolve significant collective disputes.Each tribunal retains a team of labour prosecutor who may be called upon to provide opinions to the court and are also responsible for instituting bend proceeding against employers when health and safety laws have been seriously breached.DenmarkDenmark operate a well established and highly complex array of courts, arbitration and conciliation machinery. Actions concerning individual employments contracts are heard by the general courts. The Labour Court Act governs the activities of the labour court that hear cases involving breaches of collective agreements. However, the starting point for dispute village is usually the set of standar d rules that are common to almost all collective agreement. These define a number of steps to be followed as before long as a problem arises in the workplace. The parties are first obliged to negotiate, then to seek private arbitration if required and, finally, to go to court rather than resort to strike action or lock-outs. No individual employee can bring a case, or be the sole subject of a labour court actions.GermanyAround 650,000 cases are heard by labour courts each year in Germany. Of these around 90% concern individuals rather than trade unions or works councils (as collective suits). Half of all cases are settled at an initial hearing before a lower labour court, but 1,000 cases a year eventually go through the full appeals process.Three levels of courts of appeal1) Labour courts (Arbeitsgerichte)2) Higher labour courts (Landersarbeitsgerichte)3) The Federal Supreme Labour Court (Bubdesarbeitsgericht) final court of appealThese deal with private law disputes involving st atutory rights such as wrongful dismissal, infringements of works council procedure, wage payment problems and the interpretation of collective agreement. cordial security cases are heard by separate courts of social affairs. Conflicts of interest between works councis and employers are dealt with by ad hoc settlement committeesItalyLabour court are an integrated element of the civil court system. They are composed of professional judges who deal with a wide range of social insurance and social welfare issues as well as internal civil service dispute and labour laws.There are three levels of labour court1) The court of first instance2) The appeals court3) The CassazioneAll parties must be legally represented at every level of labour courts. Both individuals and collective bodies may seeks a decision by the court. However, unions may intervene in individual disputes if the case involves the interpretations of a collective agreement. Most cases that are heard by a court of first ins tance are permitted to go forward upon appeals.SpainAround 300,000 cases are heard by Spanish labour courts each year. However, only 40% of all cases relate to contracts of employment, with the balance being taken up by social security disputes.There are three levels of labour court1) The social courts at a provincial level.2) The social chamber of the high courts at a regional level.3) The social chamber of the Supreme Court in Mad

Slave to Man Essays -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Sonnet 143 by William Shakespe be creates a patriarchal ideology constructing gender and womens role in society supported by feminist criticism, which implements patriarchal womanhood, traditional gender roles, biological essentialism, othering, and sexage. By forcing women to be seen as biological creatures and/or insignifi deposet objects with specific characteristics, a social construction is made. direct the typical patriarchal woman in traditional gender roles of housewife and mother is cast upon the main character in Sonnet 143. She has internalized the norms and values of patriarchy, which can be defined, in short, as any culture that privileges men (Tyson 85). The dark lady/mother is given the task to stay home and care for her child. She is shown as a nice wife who runs to catch / One of her plumelike creatures broke away, taking care to watch the family bird or chicken while she Sets eat her babe, and makes all swift dispatch (Shakespeare 143.1-3). She is given the task to chase after a bird, which seems to be in their house, showcasing she must be poor and in a lower class, making the impression that while the man is away, she is less privileged and must stay home with the child in untidy conditions. Furthering this scene is the incident that she is described as the sole caregiver to the child. Traditional gender roles cast men as rational, strong, protective, and decisive they cast women as emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing and submissive which are seen in the relationships and characters of Sonnet 143 (Tyson 85). The speaker or child tries to gain attention from his mother or the dark lady. He wishes she would play the mothers part, flatter me, be kind (Shakespeare 143.12). The child is acting as a d... ...ats women, whatever their role, like objects (Tyson 91). She is nothing of value, besides pleasuring the young man she is not even drop dead to be a successful mother. So the mother, who is seen as biologically the better nurturer, is therefore a bad caregiver since she has other duties that come before that of her child. Overall, the woman is showcased as obviously living a less-fulfilling life as the man, she is forced to take care of the child, abide to the speakers cries, and chase after the feathered creature, all in poor conditions, whiles the man has patriarchal control (Shakespeare 143.2). When seen as the dark lady she is nothing be a sex object, fulfilling his desires and pleasures. The speaker already has the education to write the poetry. Using his schooling, he illustrates that even though the woman holds his desire, he has power over her actions.

The Fall of Man :: essays research papers

Alienation The Fall of Man through the Breaking of Moral legalityIs it possible to attain or remain in a state of true happiness when you break a moral law? To many of us, track signs have been handed down through the generations and are posted clearly as the 10 Commandments delivered to us through Moses. These commandments are generally viewed as apparitional moral laws, but stick out they be viewed also as natural laws of morality for all to heed regardless of religious belief? Consider the cuckoos nest if we inverted their intended meaning, remove the word not, and apply Thou Shall Kill or Thou Shall Commit Adultery, as new-sprung(prenominal) commandments. Would these new commandments conflict with natural laws of morality? The story by Andre Dubus, Killings, and Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet Dog, show alienation as a horrible consequence we can suffer when a moral law is broken. In the story, Killings, Dubus reveals in detail, the alienation Matt and Ruth experience after Matt executes the revenge murder. In Chekhovs story of The Lady with the Pet Dog, Anna and her lover, Dmitri, become familiar with alienation after they begin their extra-marital affair. The stories are completely different, however, the authors carefully guide us on a journey into brokenness and deep sadness, only to witness a deeper tragedy of self-imposed imprisonment Alienation. Alienation caused by grave wrongdoing. Dubus and Chekhov give us perspicacity to the effects of breaking a moral law by directly showing us how we can be impacted when we commit murder or commit adultery. Breaking moral law is shown to alienate us in ways we may not straightforwardly anticipate. In both stories, the protagonists are disoriented from any notion of a supreme being. This is shown extensively through setting, tone, and action showing how the protagonist hide from their surroundings, especially from the events that are occurring or are near to occur. In Killings, Matts alienation fro m a supreme being begins within him at the time he begins to carry a hitman, a gun that he must conceal, else face possible prison time. Matts friend Willis points this out when he asks, You got a permit?, when Matt responds that he doesnt, thence Willis seems to warn Matt, you could get a year for that (85), directly pointing out to him hes breaking a law. Matt knows that for, He had always been a appalling father (88), and even though he still demonstrates a respect for nature and a love for his family, he now behaves indifferently about the capability consequences.